Breastfeeding a Baby: Benefits, Techniques & How Long to Breastfeed

Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a baby breast milk directly from the breast or expressed breast milk. Breast milk provides nutrition suited to a baby’s early growth and development while also supporting immune protection and bonding. For new mothers, breastfeeding can take time to establish. Understanding the benefits of breastfeeding, correct positioning, latch, feeding frequency and how long to continue can make the experience easier to navigate.

Benefits of Breastfeeding for Both Baby and Mother

The importance of breastfeeding extends beyond nutrition. Breast milk changes as a baby grows and contains nutrients and protective components that support early development.

Benefits of breastfeeding for the baby include:

Nutrition for growth: Breast milk provides proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and other nutrients needed during early infancy.
Immune benefits: Breast milk contains antibodies and other protective factors that help support a baby’s developing immune system.
Easy digestion: Breast milk is generally well suited to an infant’s developing digestive system.
Mother-baby bonding: Close physical contact during feeding can support emotional connection and responsive care.
Developmental support: Breastfeeding supports healthy growth and development during infancy.

Benefits for the mother include:

Maternal recovery: Breastfeeding stimulates the release of oxytocin, which helps the uterus contract after childbirth.
Long-term health benefits: Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of breast and ovarian cancers in mothers.
Convenience: Breast milk is available without the preparation required for formula feeding.
Bonding: Feeding provides regular opportunities for skin-to-skin contact and interaction with the baby.

Breast milk is recommended when breastfeeding is possible, but feeding decisions can also be influenced by maternal health, milk supply, medications and a baby’s medical needs. Understanding breastfeeding versus formula feeding can help families discuss the most appropriate approach with their doctor when additional or alternative feeding is required.

How to Breastfeed: Positioning and Technique Basics

Good positioning helps a breastfeeding baby latch deeply and transfer milk effectively while reducing discomfort for the mother.

Common positions include the cradle hold, cross-cradle hold, football or rugby hold and side-lying position. Whichever position you choose, keep your baby’s head and body aligned and bring the baby towards the breast rather than leaning forward.

For a good latch, your baby’s mouth should open widely and take in the nipple along with a good portion of the surrounding areola. The baby’s lips generally turn outward, the chin rests close to the breast and you may be able to hear or see regular swallowing.

Persistent pain throughout feeding is not something you need to simply tolerate. It can indicate that positioning or latch needs adjustment.

Different positions work better in different situations, including after a caesarean birth or during night feeds. A full breakdown of breastfeeding postures can help you understand how to position yourself and your baby comfortably.

Breastfeeding for the First Time: What New Mothers Should Know

If you are wondering how to breastfeed a baby for the first time, remember that both mother and baby may need practice.

When possible, early skin-to-skin contact after birth can support bonding and breastfeeding initiation. The first milk your breasts produce is colostrum, a concentrated early milk produced in small quantities and suited to a newborn’s needs.

A newborn’s stomach is small, so frequent feeding is expected. Some babies latch quickly, while others need repeated attempts and additional support.

Difficulty with the first feed does not mean that breastfeeding will not work. A midwife, nurse or lactation professional can help with positioning and latch.

For more specific guidance during the first days, Dr Sonali Santhanam’s newborn breastfeeding tips cover feeding positions, hunger cues, latch and common early challenges.

How Long Should You Breastfeed Each Session and Overall?

There is no fixed newborn baby breastfeeding time that applies to every feed.

Some babies feed efficiently within a relatively short period, while others take longer. Instead of ending a feed according to a timer, watch for active sucking and swallowing and allow the baby to finish feeding from one breast before offering the other.

In the early weeks, newborns generally need frequent feeds throughout the day and night. Feeding on demand, based on hunger cues, is usually more useful than following a rigid clock-based schedule.

For overall breastfeeding duration, the World Health Organization and UNICEF recommend:

Starting breastfeeding within the first hour after birth when possible
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, meaning breast milk without additional foods or drinks
Introducing safe and nutritionally appropriate complementary feeding from around six months
Continuing breastfeeding alongside complementary foods for up to two years or beyond, as suitable for mother and child

Every breastfeeding journey is different, and medical circumstances may require an individual feeding plan.

What Is the ‘6-6-6 Rule’ for Breastfeeding?

The term “6-6-6 rule for breastfeeding” is not a standard medical breastfeeding guideline issued by organisations such as WHO or UNICEF, and its meaning can vary between online sources.

For this reason, it is better not to use the phrase as a substitute for established breastfeeding guidance. Current recommendations focus on exclusive breastfeeding for about the first six months, followed by complementary foods while breastfeeding continues.

If you come across a particular “6-6-6 rule” online, discuss it with your paediatrician or lactation consultant before using it to guide feeding.

Why Does My Baby Get Hiccups After Breastfeeding?

Newborn hiccups after breastfeeding are usually common and harmless. A baby’s diaphragm and feeding coordination are still developing, and hiccups may occur after feeding, particularly if the baby has swallowed air or fed quickly.

Burping your baby and keeping them comfortably upright for a short period after a feed may help.

Hiccups themselves generally do not require treatment. Seek medical advice if they repeatedly occur with choking, breathing difficulty, persistent vomiting, poor feeding or significant distress.

Breastfeeding After Teeth Come In: What Changes

You can usually continue breastfeeding a baby with teeth. Teething does not mean breastfeeding needs to stop.

Some babies may occasionally bite, particularly when distracted or teething. Ensuring a deep latch can help because a baby who is actively feeding cannot bite in the same way while properly latched.

If biting occurs, calmly break the latch and reposition the baby rather than pulling away suddenly. Teething toys before or between feeds may also help when sore gums are contributing to the behaviour.

Establishing a Good Breastfeeding Routine

A breastfeeding routine usually develops gradually rather than following a strict schedule from the first day.

In the newborn period, watch your baby’s hunger cues. Early signs include rooting, opening the mouth, lip smacking, turning towards the breast and bringing the hands towards the mouth. Crying is usually a later hunger signal.

Feeding on demand helps respond to your baby’s nutritional needs and supports milk production. Cluster feeding, where a baby asks to feed several times close together, can also be normal during the early weeks.

As your baby grows, feeding patterns may become more predictable, but temporary changes are common during growth spurts, illness and developmental stages.

A mother’s diet also deserves attention during lactation. Rather than unnecessarily restricting foods, understanding which foods may need consideration while breastfeeding can help you discuss individual dietary concerns with your doctor or dietitian.

When Breastfeeding Difficulties Need Support

Breastfeeding should not mean enduring ongoing pain or worrying about feeding without support.

Speak with a paediatrician, lactation consultant or other healthcare professional if:

Breastfeeding remains painful throughout feeds
Nipples become persistently cracked or bleed
Your baby repeatedly struggles to latch or stay latched
Your baby appears unusually sleepy or difficult to wake for feeds
There are concerns about weight gain
Your baby is producing fewer wet nappies than expected
You are worried about your milk supply or your baby’s ability to feed

Early assessment can often identify positioning, latch or milk-transfer difficulties before they become more stressful for mother and baby.

Broader questions about feeding, sleeping, nappies and other early concerns are also covered in these newborn care FAQs.

FAQs on Breastfeeding

Quick answers to common questions about breastfeeding a baby, feeding duration and establishing a routine.

How many months is it best to breastfeed a baby?

WHO and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding for about the first six months. From around six months, appropriate complementary foods can be introduced while breastfeeding continues for up to two years or beyond, depending on the needs and preferences of mother and child.

What is the 6-6-6 rule for breastfeeding?

The 6-6-6 rule is not a universally recognised clinical breastfeeding guideline, and different online sources may use the term differently. Established guidance recommends exclusive breastfeeding for about six months, followed by complementary foods alongside continued breastfeeding.

How long should I breastfeed my baby each time?

There is no ideal number of minutes for every baby. Allow your baby to actively suck and swallow until they naturally slow down or release the breast, then offer the other side if needed. Effective feeding matters more than timing every session.

How do I breastfeed a baby for the first time?

Start with skin-to-skin contact when possible, position your baby’s body close to yours and encourage a wide, deep latch. Colostrum is produced in small amounts during the first days. Ask for breastfeeding support if positioning or latch feels difficult or painful.

What are the benefits of breastfeeding for babies and mothers?

Breastfeeding provides nutrition, antibodies and immune support for babies while supporting growth and bonding. For mothers, breastfeeding can assist postpartum uterine recovery and is associated with lower risks of breast and ovarian cancers.

How can I establish a good breastfeeding routine with my newborn?

Begin by feeding according to early hunger cues rather than following a rigid timetable. Frequent feeding is normal in newborns and helps establish milk production. Over the following weeks, many babies gradually develop a more recognisable feeding pattern.

Breastfeeding Your Newborn: Dr Sonali Santhanam’s Practical Tips

Breastfeeding a newborn is natural, but it does not always feel easy from the beginning. In the first few days, many mothers need time to find a comfortable position, achieve a deep latch and understand their baby’s feeding cues. Drawing on her clinical experience supporting new mothers, Dr Sonali Santhanam shares practical guidance to make the early breastfeeding period feel more manageable and less overwhelming.

Best Breastfeeding Positions for a Newborn

There is no single best position for every mother and baby. The right position is the one that allows your baby to latch deeply, feed effectively and stay comfortable while you remain well supported.

Common breastfeeding positions for a newborn include:

Cradle hold: Your baby lies across your front and is supported by the arm on the same side as the breast being used. This position often becomes more comfortable once the latch is established.
Cross-cradle hold: Your baby is supported with the opposite arm, giving you greater control over the head and neck. This can be particularly useful when learning how to position a newborn for a deeper latch.
Football or rugby hold: Your baby is tucked alongside your body under your arm. The football hold can be useful after a caesarean birth because it keeps pressure away from the abdomen.
Side-lying position: You and your baby lie facing each other on your sides. This can be comfortable during recovery after birth and for feeds when you need more physical rest.

Whichever position you choose, bring your baby towards the breast rather than leaning your body towards the baby. Good positioning should support an effective latch without persistent nipple pain.

For a broader understanding of feeding in infancy, you can also read about newborn nutrition and breastfeeding.

Is Side-Lying Breastfeeding Safe for a Newborn?

Side-lying breastfeeding can be a useful feeding position when both mother and baby are positioned comfortably and the baby is actively feeding. The important safety consideration is what happens if either of you falls asleep.

After the feed, the safest place for a newborn to sleep is on a separate, firm and flat sleep surface without pillows, loose blankets, soft toys or other items around the baby. Avoid leaving your baby unattended on an adult bed after a side-lying feed.

If you frequently become very sleepy during night feeds, discuss safer feeding and sleep arrangements with your paediatrician or lactation consultant.

What to Expect in the First Days of Breastfeeding a Newborn

The first few days of newborn baby breastfeeding are a period of adjustment for both mother and baby. Difficulty with positioning or latch is common early on and does not necessarily mean breastfeeding will remain difficult.

The first milk produced after birth is colostrum, a thick and concentrated milk that is naturally suited to a newborn’s early nutritional needs. Over the following days, milk production gradually increases and transitions towards mature breast milk.

Newborns usually feed frequently, often every two to three hours or more. Some babies also go through cluster feeding, where several feeds happen close together, particularly at certain times of the day.

Frequent feeding helps stimulate milk production and does not automatically mean your baby is not getting enough milk. In the early weeks, it is more useful to look at feeding effectiveness, your baby’s behaviour, wet nappies and weight gain together.

For more practical guidance beyond feeding, these essential newborn care tips for first-time parents cover common concerns during the first weeks at home.

Dr Sonali’s Top Practical Tips for New Mothers

These breastfeeding newborn tips focus on the issues that commonly make the biggest difference during the early weeks.

Focus on a deep latch

A good latch technique means your baby takes more than just the nipple into the mouth. The baby’s mouth should be opened widely, the lips should turn outward and the chin should remain close to the breast. Persistent pain throughout a feed is a reason to have the latch checked.
Feed according to your baby’s cues

Feeding on demand can help support milk production and allows the baby to feed according to hunger. Very young or sleepy newborns may sometimes need to be woken for feeds, particularly before they have regained their birth weight. Your paediatrician can advise based on your baby’s growth.
Recognise early hunger cues

Rooting, opening the mouth, lip smacking and bringing the hands towards the mouth are common hunger cues. Crying is usually a later sign of hunger and can sometimes make settling and latching more difficult.
Make your own position comfortable

Support your back and arms, keep your shoulders relaxed and bring the baby towards you. Repeated feeds in an uncomfortable position can contribute to back, neck and shoulder strain.
Give yourself time to learn

Breastfeeding is a skill that mother and baby learn together. Needing help with positioning, latch or milk supply in the first few days is common and is not a sign that breastfeeding has failed.
Accept practical support

A partner or family member can help with burping, nappy changes, meals and household responsibilities so that you have more time to feed, rest and recover after birth.

If you want a broader overview of feeding benefits and techniques, the full guide to breastfeeding covers the wider breastfeeding journey beyond the first newborn days.

When to Call Your Doctor or a Lactation Consultant

Some early breastfeeding difficulties improve as positioning and feeding become more familiar. Others are better assessed rather than simply waiting for them to resolve.

Speak with your doctor, paediatrician or lactation consultant if:

Breastfeeding remains painful throughout feeds
Your nipples are persistently cracked or bleeding
Your baby repeatedly struggles to stay latched
Your baby appears unusually sleepy and difficult to wake for feeds
There are concerns about poor weight gain
Your baby has fewer newborn wet diapers than expected for their age
You are worried that your baby is not feeding effectively

Sometimes a simple adjustment in positioning or latch is enough. In other cases, the feeding team may need to assess your baby’s mouth, sucking pattern, weight gain or milk transfer.

If you have questions about feeding, sleep, nappies or other early concerns, these FAQs on newborn care provide additional guidance for the first weeks with your baby.

Motherhood Hospitals also provides specialist newborn care through its neonatology services when babies require additional medical assessment or support after birth.

FAQs on Newborn Breastfeeding

Is side-lying breastfeeding safe for a newborn?

Side-lying can be a comfortable breastfeeding position when the baby is awake and actively feeding. After feeding, place your newborn on a separate, firm and flat sleep surface without loose bedding or pillows rather than leaving the baby asleep unattended on an adult bed.

What is the best breastfeeding position for a newborn?

There is no single best position. Cradle, cross-cradle, football hold and side-lying can all work well. The best position is one that supports a deep latch, effective milk transfer and comfort for both mother and baby.

How often should a newborn breastfeed?

A newborn commonly feeds every two to three hours or even more frequently, particularly during cluster feeding. Feeding patterns can vary, so hunger cues, weight gain and nappy output are also important when assessing whether feeding is going well.

How do I know my newborn is latching correctly?

A good latch usually involves a wide-open mouth, lips turned outward and the baby’s chin close to the breast. You should be able to see or hear effective swallowing, and breastfeeding should not cause persistent pain throughout the feed.

When should I call a doctor about breastfeeding difficulties?

Seek support if feeding remains painful, nipples are cracked or bleeding, your baby cannot maintain a latch, weight gain is a concern or there are fewer wet nappies than expected. Early help from a paediatrician or lactation consultant can often identify the cause.

My Breastfeeding Journey: A Real Story & Tips for New Mothers

A breastfeeding journey story is rarely just about feeding. It can include learning how to latch, worrying about milk supply, dealing with pain, pumping, sleepless nights, emotional highs and lows, and slowly discovering what works for you and your baby.

This is my breastfeeding journey story. I am sharing it because I once believed breastfeeding would come naturally and easily. I learned very quickly that every mother and every baby can have a very different experience.

Like any other new mother, I thought breastfeeding my newborn would be one of the easiest and most natural things to do, and that no extra work was needed, especially mentally or emotionally. But I was so wrong.

By the second day after my baby was born, I found out that she was not latching onto my breasts properly and was losing weight because she was not taking in enough milk.

I had no idea there could be a right or wrong way to latch. You could say I was very naive about it.

What Does a Breastfeeding Journey Really Look Like?

My journey began with tears.

I dealt with cracked nipples, blocked ducts, milk blisters, engorgement and sore nipples. At first, I thought perhaps I did not have enough milk and that was why my baby was not gaining weight. That turned out not to be the case. I was producing enough milk, and eventually, even more than my baby needed.

The main challenge was the breastfeeding latch.

At the hospital, I began expressing milk using a breast pump so that my baby could still receive my breast milk. I started pumping because she needed additional milk even after trying to feed directly.

In one way, I felt fortunate that my milk supply was good. Even with a poor latch, she was receiving some milk and slowly started gaining weight.

At first, she also refused the feeding bottle and took very little through direct feeds. I felt challenged from every direction.

Then, after about three weeks, she somehow accepted the bottle. She began drinking the amount she needed and gradually got back on track with her weight.

But then another challenge appeared.

She refused to return to breastfeeding directly from the breast.

That is when my exclusively pumping journey began.

The Turning Point in My Breastfeeding Journey

Exclusive pumping was not easy for me.

The tears continued, and there were times when I felt as though I could not catch a break.

Pumping frequently was taking a toll on me mentally and emotionally. There were moments when I felt defeated and considered switching completely to infant formula because I was exhausted.

I also became worried about my emotional health and whether I was moving towards serious postpartum depression.

I want to say something very clearly here. No mother should feel forced to breastfeed or pump at the cost of her physical or mental health. Breastfeeding, expressed breast milk, combination feeding and formula can all be part of an individual family’s feeding journey. Support matters more than guilt.

For me personally, I decided I wanted to continue pumping.

At first, I told myself I would try for one month. Then I pushed that goal to three months. After that, I aimed for six months.

Now my baby is seven months old, and I continue to exclusively pump.

My journey was not the breastfeeding experience I had imagined, but I found a way of feeding my daughter that worked for us.

I also felt proud that I was able to donate some of my expressed milk for babies who needed breast milk.

This breastfeeding journey story taught me that strength does not always mean following one particular way of feeding. Sometimes it means adapting when the original plan simply does not work.

Tips for Successful Breastfeeding: What Actually Helped

Every mother and baby are different, but these tips for successful breastfeeding reflect both what helped me and the kind of support that can make the early weeks easier.

Ask for help with the latch early. A poor latch can affect milk transfer and can also contribute to nipple pain.
Watch your baby’s feeding and weight pattern. Weight gain, swallowing during feeds and wet diapers are more useful than guessing whether your milk supply is enough.
Do not assume pain is something you simply have to tolerate. Persistent pain deserves assessment.
Try different breastfeeding positions. One position may work much better than another for you and your baby.
Feed or express milk regularly. Milk production responds mainly to effective and frequent milk removal.
Rest, eat regularly and stay hydrated. Your body needs support while recovering from birth and producing milk.
Use pumping when it is genuinely useful. Pumping can help when direct breastfeeding is difficult, but it also takes time and energy.
Ask for professional help before you feel completely overwhelmed. A lactation consultant can often identify problems that are difficult to recognise on your own.

New mothers who need more practical guidance can also read this breastfeeding guide for new moms.

Getting the Latch Right

A good latch allows the baby to take in more than just the nipple, with a good portion of the areola in the mouth. The baby’s mouth should be open wide, the chin should be close to the breast, and feeding should not cause persistent pinching or severe pain.

The cradle and cross-cradle holds can both be useful, especially while learning how to position a newborn. The cross-cradle position may give some mothers more control when helping a baby achieve a deeper latch.

You can explore the best breastfeeding positions for new mothers for more guidance.

Managing Concerns About Milk Supply

I initially thought my problem was low supply, but that was not actually my situation. This is why it is important not to judge milk supply from breast fullness, pumping output or a baby’s fussiness alone.

If you are wondering how to increase breast milk supply, the first step is usually to make sure milk is being removed effectively and frequently, either through breastfeeding, pumping or both.

Foods such as oats, ragi or traditional ingredients like fenugreek are sometimes used as galactagogues, but no single food can guarantee an increase in milk supply.

If supply remains a concern, speak with a lactation professional rather than relying only on home remedies.

Breastfeeding Positions for Newborns: Finding What Works

Finding a comfortable position can make a significant difference, especially when you are dealing with nipple pain or a difficult latch.

Common breastfeeding positions for newborns include:

Cradle hold: The baby’s head rests in the bend of your arm while the baby’s body faces yours.
Cross-cradle hold: You support the baby’s head with the hand opposite the breast being used. This can provide better control during early latch practice.
Football hold: The baby is positioned alongside your body under your arm. Some mothers find this helpful after a caesarean birth or when feeding twins.
Side-lying position: Mother and baby lie facing each other. This can be comfortable once breastfeeding is established, especially during rest periods.

There is no single position that is best for everyone. What matters is that your baby can latch effectively and that both of you are comfortable.

Common Breastfeeding Problems and Solutions

Many breastfeeding difficulties are manageable, particularly when support is sought early.

Sore or Cracked Nipples

Mild tenderness may occur in the early days, but persistent or severe nipple pain should not simply be accepted as normal.

A shallow latch is a common reason for nipple trauma. Correcting positioning and latch may help. Persistent cracks, bleeding or pain should be assessed.

Breast Engorgement

Engorgement occurs when the breasts become overly full, firm or uncomfortable.

Frequent feeding or milk expression, appropriate positioning and avoiding long gaps between feeds can help. Severe or persistent engorgement can also make latching more difficult.

Blocked Ducts and Mastitis

Breast tenderness, localised inflammation or worsening pain requires attention. Mastitis can cause breast redness, pain, swelling and flu-like symptoms or fever.

If symptoms are significant or do not improve, seek medical advice rather than trying to manage everything yourself.

Concerns About Low Milk Supply

True low milk supply can occur, but perceived low supply is also common.

Your baby’s weight gain, feeding effectiveness and diaper output should be assessed before assuming that milk production is inadequate.

For nutrition questions during lactation, see foods to avoid while breastfeeding.

When to Seek Help from a Lactation Consultant

Looking back, I wish I had understood earlier that breastfeeding support is not only for mothers who are “failing.” It is simply part of learning something new.

Consider speaking with a lactation consultant or healthcare professional if:

Your baby repeatedly struggles to latch
Feeding is consistently painful
Your nipples remain cracked or damaged
Your breasts are frequently engorged
You have recurrent blocked ducts
You are concerned about milk supply
Your baby is not gaining weight as expected
Your baby has fewer wet diapers than expected
Your baby repeatedly refuses the breast
Pumping or feeding is affecting your emotional wellbeing

Motherhood Hospitals provides breastfeeding support for mothers who need guidance with feeding, positioning, milk expression and common breastfeeding concerns.

Getting help early can prevent a small feeding challenge from becoming an exhausting experience.

My Biggest Learning as a Mother

I used to think successful breastfeeding meant feeding directly from the breast.

My daughter taught me otherwise.

For us, successful breastfeeding became expressed breast milk given through a bottle.

For another family, it may mean direct breastfeeding. For someone else, it may mean mixed feeding or formula.

My journey taught me not to measure motherhood by one feeding method.

I chose exclusive pumping because it worked for me and because I wanted to continue. I am happy and proud of how far we have come, but I would never say that another mother must follow the same path.

No mommy should feel obliged to force herself through this experience.

This is simply my breastfeeding journey story, and the strength I found in creating a feeding routine that worked for my baby and for me.

FAQs

How Long Should I Breastfeed My Baby?

The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for about the first six months, followed by appropriate complementary foods while breastfeeding continues up to two years or beyond when mother and baby wish to continue. Individual circumstances can differ, so feeding decisions can be discussed with your paediatrician or lactation professional.

What Are the Best Foods to Increase Breast Milk Supply?

No single food is proven to dramatically increase milk supply. Regular milk removal, adequate food intake and hydration are more important. A balanced Indian diet may include whole grains, dal, vegetables, fruit, dairy or alternatives, nuts and seeds. Galactagogue foods should not replace professional assessment of low supply.

Is It Normal for Breastfeeding to Be Painful at First?

Some nipple tenderness can occur during the early days, but severe, persistent or worsening pain is not something you should simply tolerate. Poor latch, nipple trauma, engorgement or infection may contribute. A lactation consultant can assess positioning and help identify the cause.

Can I Breastfeed If I Have a Cold or Fever?

In many common illnesses, breastfeeding can continue, but the cause of the fever and the mother’s overall condition matter. Good hand hygiene and appropriate medical care are important. For infection-specific guidance, see baby care and breastfeeding during COVID-19.

How Do I Know If My Baby Is Getting Enough Breast Milk?

Look at the overall pattern rather than how full your breasts feel. Effective swallowing during feeds, an appropriate number of wet diapers, alertness, and steady weight gain are useful signs. If you are worried about your baby’s feeding or growth, speak with a paediatrician or lactation consultant.

Conclusion

My breastfeeding journey did not look anything like I expected.

There were tears, cracked nipples, blocked ducts, engorgement, pumping, bottle refusal, breast refusal, exhaustion and moments when I genuinely wanted to stop.

But there were also turning points.

I learned that breastfeeding does not have to look the same for every mother. I learned that asking for help is not a failure. Most importantly, I learned that my mental and emotional wellbeing mattered too.

If you are struggling with latch, nipple pain, milk supply, pumping or another breastfeeding concern, you do not have to work everything out alone. You can speak with the breastfeeding and maternity care team at Motherhood Hospitals by calling +91 96203-96203, writing to writetous@motherhoodindia.com, or booking an appointment.

Drugs during Lactation

Medication use in lactation: evaluating safety concerns - Motherhood India Hospital

Lactation is the process of milk production in humans. It is a hormonally driven process that demands medications. In cases where the mother isn’t able to produce milk, induced lactation is brought into use. Here’s a short insight into the drugs used during the lactation period.

Navigating Medication Use While Lactating: A Guide for Breastfeeding Mothers

The American Academy of Pediatrics highlights that the drugs used during lactation could have many side effects on the baby, many of which are still not known. Thus, the academy recommends that medications must be taken when needed and one must try to cut the long-term use of drugs during lactation.

Here are a few insights that’ll help you understand how the drug consumed during lactation works.

It has been found that the pH of mother’s milk is slightly higher and thus more acidic than plasma. Thus, the weakly basic drugs can easily be transferred to the mother’s milk through passive diffusion which is the primary pathway through which the drug enters breast milk. Ionization of such drugs could leave them trapped in the milk itself.

Lactation and Drugs: Balancing Your Health and Your Baby’s Needs

The risk of a drug to a breastfed infant is largely dependent on the concentration in the infant’s blood and the effects of the drug on the infant. Feeding immediately before a dose may help minimize infant exposure as concentrations in milk are likely to be lowest towards the end of a dosing interval.

It has been found that premature babies and neonates have a lower capacity to metabolize and excrete drugs while the babies who have been exposed to the same in the uterus before delivery will augment the existing drug concentration on further exposure via breast milk.

Safe Medications to Take During Lactation

It is recommended that drugs must be used in the lowest effective dose. Breastfeeding alternatives can be used in cases when high doses are consumed. Studies have found that drugs with relatively short half-lives minimize drug exposure in the milk while social drugs must be avoided at any cost.

What’s best? Breastfeeding vs formula feeding

Author – Shovna KC (PT)

Consultant – Physiotherapist Motherhood Hospital Hebbal, Bangalore

Are you confused between breastfeeding and formula feeding? Do you want to provide your child the best nutrition? In such a case, the best nutrition considered for a newborn is breast milk which is recommended by doctors as well, provided the benefits it concurs with. Though the final decision rests with the parents, it is important to know about the benefits of breastfeeding so to consider it as an ultimate choice.

Quick fact: Breastfeeding can burn upto 500-600 calories a day, thus helping some mothers lose weight.

Consultation

It is better to go for a lactation counselling when you have a baby with a best lactation specialist or consultant. If that’s what you are eyeing on then Motherhood Hospital is eminent for the best breastfeeding and lactation consultants along with the counseling services that add to its prominent value.

Benefits of breastfeeding over Formula feed

If we look at the advantages from both mediums, breast feeding leads the tally. In terms of nutrition, breastfeeding has a perfect balance of nutrients that are present in high levels like proteins, carbohydrates, fats and calcium, for the better development of the child in their early years. When it comes to formula feeding, it can be devoid of nutritional content as it is manmade. Breastfeeding concurs to easy digestion and absorption by the babies, whereas formula feeding cannot relate with efficient absorption, where some babies can also have some toleration problems regarding certain nutrients in it.

Besides nutritional value, breastfeeding also relates with the changing nutritional requirement as the content varies as per the production of milk from the mother. To add more, breast milk has the best temperature that a baby can consume easily. The amount consumed during formula feeding is decided by the parents or caregiver where it may be difficult to correspond with proper temperature as well. When it comes to providing immunity, mothers milk contains the required immunoglobulins which can provide passive immunity to the baby and protect them from various diseases. Passive immunity which is acquired from the immunoglobulins through breast milk provides temporary immunity to the baby until its immune system becomes functional. Breastfeeding is also beneficial to the mother as it reduces the risk of breast cancer, diabetes, heart disease, etc.

While these are content related comparisons, breast milk can also confer with other benefits. The best thing amongst all is that this milk is absolutely free where there is no preparation needed. Formula milk needs preparation and can correspond to average or good amount of expense depending upon the brand that is being used. Having said that, formula feeding has a unique feather to its cap for which it has become needful for some parents. And that is, there is no need for a mother to feed the baby when it comes to formula milk.

Cons of breastfeeding

While we have gone through the pros, there are some cons that are adhered to both of these methods. The mother must be available for feeding the baby whereupon her absence, milk should be pumped beforehand. Besides, a mother may get uncomfortable during the early days of breastfeeding. There are also some medications that can interrupt with breastfeeding as well. On the other hand, formula milk may be somehow intolerable for the baby where it can lead to diarrhea. Moreover, there is always a need to carry bottles, and formula items with you which can be inconvenient.

It is important to note that formula making can never create the contents that are present in original breast milk as there are still some contents that are unknown to us when it comes to breastfeeding. Besides, the bonding cohered with the mother-baby relationship comes into play with breastfeeding, which cannot be replaced with any formula. That is why health experts agree that the healthiest option for both mother and baby is breastfeeding.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced super specialists backed by the latest in infrastructure and facilities. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynaecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do take an appointment with the best maternity hospital in Hebbal, Bangalore at a centre closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Shovna KC, please book your appointment here.

Baby Care and breastfeeding when you have COVID-19

Breastfeeding in a pandemic: An overview:

COVID-19 is disrupting various routines worldwide. Every front of human life is under dispute and disharmony. The pandemic warrants quick actions under clinical observations. When a breakthrough becomes available, it may require subsequent guidelines to establish proper care. Breastfeeding is essential to optimize neonatal health. The health and growth benefits of breastmilk are undisputed and demonstrated. To establish secure breastfeeding in a pandemic like COVID-19, we should thoroughly understand the effects of the pandemic on maternal and neonatal health.

First of all, we should understand how the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 apply to breastfeeding. We should even understand the protective properties of breastfeeding. The tenets of neonatal healthcare may even include the importance of skin-to-skin care. The evidence available till today suggests that the risk of transmission of COVID-19 via breastmilk is very low. Breastfeeding is known for its irreplaceable health benefits both for the mother and the baby. Infection control strategies should be in place with stiff adherence to them.

How to uphold care and caution while breastfeeding during the pandemics like COVID-19?

World Health Organization (WHO) rules that mothers with COVID-19 or suspected to carry the virus may opt to breastfeed their babies provided they follow every safety protocol. Breastfeeding is likened to promote anti-inflammatory responses along with antimicrobial properties and healthy immune responses. The components in breastmilk may also help prevent the incidence of respiratory tract infections. Breastmilk is loaded with an irreplaceable nutritional value contributing to the healthy growth of infants.

Even breastfeeding from women with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection can benefit the infants. Breastmilk constitutes a primordial form of health and development in infants. Breastfeeding establishes itself as the ideal food for kids during the first 6 months. With an irreplaceable nutritive value, it betters the immune response of kids strengthening the defense mechanisms against common and opportunistic infections. Regular and frequent breastfeeding also associates itself with a decrease in neonatal morbidity and mortality.

How does the risk of COVID-19 endanger pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Current evidence is unclear about the vertical transmission of COVID-19 from the mother to her foetus through the placenta in pregnancy. Studies found no traces of the virus in amniotic fluid, placental tissue or umbilical cord blood. As stated above, the traces of novel coronavirus weren’t found in the breastmilk. Precautions are necessary to ensure a low risk of COVID-19 in babies and mothers who are breastfeeding. Mother-infant proximity is a healthy practice even amid the pandemics provided every safety protocol is in place. Healthcare professionals may extend their support to mothers who are unable to breastfeed in the wake of serious complications of COVID-19.

The women who are unable to breastfeed their baby may avail themselves of alternative methods. They may seek help from certified donor milk bank services or other centres dedicated to uplifting breastmilk supply. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the babies during the first 6 months of life. Even after including solid food in the diet of a child, mothers may continue breastfeeding their kids for 6 additional months. They may uphold this practice till the child reaches the age of 2. Mothers with COVID-19 must realize the importance of breastfeeding and opt for the same under stiff obstetric supervision.

Why do people worry about the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and breastfeeding women?

Pregnant women aren’t more likely to fall prey to the COVID-19 infection than the nonpregnant counterparts. However, pregnancy itself involves many physiological changes including changes in the immune system and its response to the virulent microorganisms including COVID-19. Therefore, the incidence of COVID-19 in pregnancy may often relate to more severe symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pneumonia cases reported to date include mild to moderate symptoms and carry fair rates of recovery.

Pregnant women with other conditions such as hypertension, diabetes or high body mass index may develop complications following exposure to COVID-19. The pandemic itself may raise the risk of prenatal depression and anxiety in women. It may be important to extend proper obstetric care to pregnant and breastfeeding women.

How to regularize breastfeeding and postnatal care in the pandemics like COVID-19?

More studies are needed to confirm whether the high-risk newborn babies are at a raised risk of complications or not. Infection of COVID-19 following any contact with virulent respiratory secretion may be a cause of concern. The healthcare staff and facilities may consider temporary separation in the event of maternal COVID-19 infection.

Please follow the guidelines below if you find that temporary separation is mandatory:

The healthcare team should assess the risks and benefits of temporary separation and communicate the same to the mother.
The infants should be availed of a separate isolation room.
In the event of the clinical obligations for colocation (rooming-in), of the baby and his/her sick mother in the same facility, facilities should consider every important aspect to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 from mother to child.
The staff at the healthcare facility might consider using physical barriers to maintain safe distances between the mother and her child.?
If there’s nobody to look after the new-born baby except the mother (COVID-19 infected or suspected) herself, the mother should maintain hygiene and practice hand sanitization under obstetric guidance. These standards should continue as long as the mother is under observation for the possibility of vertical transmission.

Breastfeeding:

Mothers willing to breastfeed their babies even under temporary separation should consider expressing their milk.
Expressing milk offers various health benefits both to the mother and her baby including establishment and maintenance of the proper milk supply.
Mothers can use dedicated breast pumps for seamless milk extraction.
Mothers should accustom themselves to safety protocols and hand hygiene as they start expressing breastmilk.
After each session of milk extraction, every part of the pump should be sanitized and disinfected as directed by the manufacturer/medical official.
Healthcare teams should include a healthy caregiver to ensure proper distribution and consumption of the expressed breastmilk.
The mother and baby in colocation should be under proper clinical observation.
The mother willing to feed the baby at the breast should always wear the facemask alongside the appropriate standards of hand hygiene before and after each feed.

Breastfeeding Story by Mrs. Afreen

Breastfeeding can turn around to be a nightmare if your wife is not guided properly or if a child does not latch on correctly or lactating.

With basic general knowledge like the baby needs to be fed for two years everything felt normal.

However, it was not meant to be.

The next three months in my wife’s life defined what a mother is all about. Every man needs to respect and support his wife for all the pain, compromise and sacrifice which we sometimes conveniently forget.

It is very important that our wives get the deserved rest at home and whenever possible handle guests yourself. Be with your wife when she is feeding especially during the night sessions to divert her mind and help her carry on as it is not easy to feed every two hours.

My wife had probably one of the worst experiences of breastfeeding. What seemed to her like a perfect latch led to extremely painful feeding sessions with cracked, bleeding and sore nipples. I hid my tears to give her strength as I could not imagine someone feeding in such a state.

However, her courage to feed her hungry baby is way beyond words. During this phase, Dr Aruna (our lactation consultant) was very helpful and handled my wife very patiently. Due to over lactation my wife was able to donate milk as well and we heard it was very beneficial to a lot of babies. Would like to conclude by urging all husbands to accompany their wives in every hospital visit and consult a lactation expert to learn the right techniques. ?

Complementary Feeding by Archana Reddy

Expert advice on complementary feeding for infants, offering valuable insights - Motherhood Hospital India

What is complementary feeding?

The transition from exclusive breastfeeding to family foods referred to as complementary feeding. From 6 months of age your baby needs breast milk and solid foods to promote health, support growth and enhance development.

When to start/what is the right age?

As per WHO baby has to be exclusively breastfed for first 6 months (if breast milk is not sufficient then formula milk can be given). So complementary feeding should be started when the baby reaches 6 months of age.

Introduction of solid food to be led by infants developmental signs like

Baby can sit with or without support.
Showing interest towards food when others are eating
Likes to put things in their mouths

At this age frequent breastfeeding should continue despite foods being introduced. During the next few months the variety and amount of foods can be increased, while breastfeeding still continues.

How to start?

Solid foods to be started gradually after 6 months of age. At 6^th month solid can be given once/twice. One feed /month needs to be increased.

So by 9th or10th month baby should be taking 3 meals + one or two snacks along with Breast milk/formula milk.

What type of foods to be given?

Good choices for complementary foods are those rich in energy, protein, essential fatty acids and micronutrients (particularly iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C and folate). These will be supplied when breast milk and a variety of suitable complementary foods are given to a baby.

Gradually increase food consistency and variety as the child ages, adapting the diet to the infant’s requirements and abilities

At 6 months: Feed mashed and semi-solid foods, softened foods

Feed energy-dense combinations of soft foods.

At 8^th month:Introduce “finger foods” (snacks that can be eaten by children alone),textured foods

At about 12 months of age: Most children can eat what rest of the family eats (Family Foods).

Principles of Complementary Feeding

No Sugar,No Salt, No Honey till one year of age
No other liquid form of food to baby other that water,Breast Milk/Formula milk.
Always make baby sit in upright position and feed.
Water 30-40ml/day till 12 months.
No cow milk to be given to baby as a drink till 12months,but it can be used as a cooking ingredient.

Practice responsive feeding

Feed infants directly and assist older children when they feed themselves.
Offer favorite foods and encourage children to eat when they lose interest or have low appetites.
If children refuse many foods, experiment with different food combinations, tastes, textures, and methods for encouragement.
Talk to children during feeding.
Feed slowly and patiently and minimize distractions during meals.
Do not force children to eat.

Archana Reddy,Nutritionist, Sahakara Nagar

Breastfeeding Postures

Breastfeeding is not just about milk, it is all about mother’s love & care for her little one. Breastfeeding sometimes requires moms to be in one position for quite a long-time due to which many moms may be predisposed to developing pain on their neck, shoulders, forearms, wrist and low back. New mums sometimes find breastfeeding uncomfortable due to wrong feeding positions, or lack of support. This can lead to breast and nipple discomfort. Physiotherapy plays an important role here to help overcome the discomfort and swelling of breast engorgement ad make the process comfortable and happy for both the mom and baby.

How Physiotherapy is helpful for a lactating mother?

One of the first things physio can help is in educating a good posture when mom is feeding. The mom should be able to sit comfortably and relaxed during the feeding time.
It is important to sit with good posture, so that the strain to the body, neck and shoulders is less. Good posture will help the baby to latch well. A good latch can help minimise the amount of damage and irritation to the nipples
It will also help ensure that the breast drains well during feeds, and therefore decrease risk of developing blocked ducts and mastitis.
Physiotherapy can help reduce breast engorgement, inflammation and swelling, and instruction in gentle lymphatic massage to help reduce swelling.

PRINCIPLES OF ERGONOMICS WHILE BREASTFEEDING

Support your arms and baby while feeding

Positioning yourself and supporting your little one with pillows throughout the feeding will also help to avoid overuse of your arms and shoulders.

Be cautious of your positioning

Be conscious of your position throughout the feeding process. Try not to slide down into a slouched position, especially if feeding in bed or on the couch. It will put stress on your back and neck.

Try feeding

your baby while sitting upright with your back supported and your little one at the height of your breast.

Relax your muscles

You can get sore muscles caused by too much tension in your body. Unless necessary, always try to sit or lay down while breastfeeding. It will allow for extra support for your arms, neck, and back and will help to limit tension that you??d get from poor support while breastfeeding.

COMMON BREASTFEEDING POSITIONS

FAMILIAR PHYSICAL CHALLENGES OF BREASTFEEDING

Breast pain
Neck strain
Upper back & shoulder pain
Hunched posture of shoulder
Hand and wrist pain
Low back pain & Tail bone pain

TIPS FOR NURSING MUMS

Milk flow can be restricted by a poorly fitted bra, poor positioning of you and the baby or due to compression from your fingers holding the breast, if too firm.
Positioning yourself and your baby correctly to avoid back and neck pain as well as avoiding compression of the ducts is very important.
Breastfeeding helps your uterus to shrink to return to its pre-pregnancy size more quickly at about six weeks postpartum.